[Progress in gene re-annotation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis].

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the primary pathogen causing tuberculosis (TB), requires precise annotation to advance TB research. According to the latest data released by NCBI, a substantial number of fully sequenced and annotated Mtb genomes have been made publicly available. Since the first complete genome sequencing of the Mtb reference strain H37Rv, annotation systems have been continuously improved. However, significant issues remain in current annotations, such as discrepancies in gene counts and translation start site labeling among different research institutions. The emergence of high-throughput sequencing technologies, has enabled integrative multi-omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, translatomics, and proteomics, to revolutionize Mtb genome re-annotation. This paper systematically summarizes the comprehensive reannotation efforts for the H37Rv strain, encompassing precise refinement of gene N/C-terminus, correction of gene structures, reconciliation of discrepancies in sequencing data, and identification and incorporation of previously overlooked genes. This refined annotation not only serves as a critical reference for comparative and functional genomic analysis of clinical Mtb isolates but also provides a robust foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and for advancing the development of novel diagnostics, therapeutics, and public health interventions against TB.