Sacroiliac joint tuberculosis revisited - A clinico-radiological review.

Osteoarticular Tuberculosis (TB) of the Sacroiliac (SI) joint is an uncommon site affected by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis infection. The SI joint is involved in approximately 5-10% of all cases of TB. Diagnosis of SI joint TB can be delayed in early stages due to its varied and hidden presentation and probability of being confused with other spinal diseases. Delay in diagnosis can lead to chronic pain, joint destruction, and a natural progression to symptomatic bony ankylosis. A focused clinical examination, complementary imaging, microbiological and histopathological confirmation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can direct a targeted therapy. Anti-Tubercular Therapy (ATT) regime remains a cornerstone in the overall management of SI joint TB. Early diagnosis allows conservative or non-operative management. Surgical interventions like abscess drainage, debridement, and arthrodesis with or without bone grafting may be required to achieve an excellent functional outcome.