Nanoporous-based biomaterials in biomedical applications: from fundamentals and biosensing to drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering.

Nanoporous materials (NPMs) have emerged as powerful tools in the fields of medicine, revolutionizing diagnostics, treatment, and patient care. Their unique properties address critical challenges in healthcare. Nanoporous matrices offer abundant active sites for molecular adsorption, catalysis, and interactions with biological entities. Efficient loading of therapeutic agents and biomolecules occurs due to their expansive surface area. Precise control over pore dimensions allows selective sieving, crucial for drug delivery and biosensors. Their surface chemistry and mechanical properties play pivotal roles in ensuring biocompatibility for applications like tissue scaffolds and implantable devices. In this context, the properties of NPMs, including physicochemical properties (such as crystallinity and mechanical properties), drug release and adsorption, and biological characteristics, have been comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, we also explore the multifaceted applications of NPMs, focusing on biosensing, drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering.