[Posterior Lumbar Fusion:Indications, Surgical Techniques and Tips for Safety].

Lumbar posterior fixation is a fundamental spinal technique typically performed in patients with instability, although no absolute criteria exist for diagnosing instability. Interbody fusion procedures, such as posterior lumbar interbody fusion and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion involve the insertion of cages or grafts between vertebrae to achieve solid bone fusion. These techniques provide strong stabilization of the spine. Instrumentation methods, such as pedicle screw placement, require meticulous preparation to ensure safe insertion and optimal outcomes.