Identification of PANoptosis-related biomarkers in myocardial infarction via bioinformatics and single-cell analyses.

The relevance of PANoptosis, a new programmed cell death discovered recently, to myocardial infarction (MI) is unknown. This study aims to identify biomarkers associated with PANoptosis in MI and pathogenic mechanisms. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of MI were obtained firstly. PANoptosis-related genes (PRGs) were obtained from the Genecard database. PANoptosis-related DEGs (PRDEGs) were obtained by taking a cross between DEGs and PRGs. Functional enrichment analysis was performed on PRDEGs. Single-cell analysis was performed to identify cell clusters related to PANoptosis. After merging DEGs and PRGs, 3 candidate genes were obtained: IL-1β, NLRP3 and toll-like receptor 4 . Both nomogram and receiver operating characteristic curves showed good clinical efficacy for all 3 candidate genes. Enrichment analysis indicated that these 3 genes are participating in inflammatory pathways including NF-κB. Single-cell analysis revealed that these 3 genes were predominantly expressed in monocytes/macrophages. Monocytes/Macrophages from MI patients and controls were differently distributed on the differentiation trajectories of the pseudotime analysis. Monocytes/Macrophages from MI patients were less likely to be involved in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis, muscle tissue morphogenesis, and other processes. Monocytes/Macrophages are associated with PANoptosis in MI. And NLRP3, IL-1β, and toll-like receptor 4 may be important biomarkers for this process.