Advances in MicroRNA-Based Therapies for Cardiac Repair: Emerging Strategies for Treating Myocardial Infarction.

Myocardial infarction (MI) continues to be a major cause of mortality worldwide, highlighting the need for immediate investigation into novel therapeutic approaches for repairing damaged heart tissue. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have become essential regulators of different biological processes, including heart development, MI development, and cardiac repair after MI. This review seeks to elucidate the complex functions of miRNAs in MI development and cardiac regeneration/repair after MI, emphasizing their role in regulating different stages related to MI, such as inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. We also reviewed the advances in the regulation of particular miRNAs in the MI and their potential as therapeutic agents for evaluating cardiac recovery. Furthermore, we summarised the encouraging developments in miRNA-based therapeutics, in vitro growth of cardiomyocytes (CMs) for cell therapy of MI. Understanding the various functions that miRNAs perform in the heart's repair process following MI offers a great deal of promise for developing therapeutic approaches that can improve patient outcomes and mitigate the effects of heart failure.