Assessing postural risks and musculoskeletal pain among caregivers performing bathing tasks in long-term care facilities.

BackgroundBathing residents is among the most physically demanding tasks in long-term care facilities, involving frequent lifting, turning, washing, and dressing. In Taiwan, chronic staff shortages force caregivers to work under time pressure and adopt awkward, non-ergonomic postures, substantially increasing the risk of cumulative musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).ObjectiveThis study examined the association between postural risk and MSDs among caregivers performing bathing tasks in long-term care facilities.MethodsFifteen caregivers from long-term care institutions in Yunlin and Chiayi, Taiwan, participated. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used to assess musculoskeletal discomfort, and the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method was applied to evaluate postural risks.ResultsThe mean REBA score was 11.67 (SD = 0.94), indicating a very high-risk task requiring immediate intervention. The trunk and upper arms showed greater risk than the lower arms and legs. The mean MSD score was 1.87 (SD = 1.97), with a prevalence of 84.4%. Symptoms were most severe in the lower back, followed by the upper limbs. Pain locations corresponded with high-risk postures, suggesting an association between posture and discomfort. Risk levels were unrelated to age or work tenure but were linked to task exposure and environmental constraints.ConclusionsBathing assistance poses a risk for long-term care workers. Facilities should prioritize height-adjustable electric shower beds and armrest-supported chairs to reduce trunk flexion. Although body mechanics training and job rotation may help, they cannot fully address staffing shortages or workspace "constraints." Long-term adoption of automated bathing systems is needed to reduce hazardous exposure and improve safety.