General psychiatry · 2026
Associations between wearable-device-measured daytime and nighttime light exposures and dementia risk: A prospective cohort study.
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Zheng Nana, Wang Wei, Li Biao, Mei Xionge, Liu Yue, Du Jing, Chan Ngan Yin, Chan Joey W Y, Xing Xiaoman, Tan Xiao, Benedict Christian, Wing Yun Kwok, Zhang Jihui, Feng Hongliang
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Identifying reliable predictors for dementia remains a critical unmet need. Light exposure plays a crucial role in regulating circadian rhythms, which influence cognitive function. However, the association between light exposure and dementia risk remains unclear.
AIMS: This study examined the associations of daytime and nighttime light exposure with dementia risk.
METHODS: A total of 87 577 dementia-free participants (mean age: 62.36 years; 56.98% female) were included. Daytime and nighttime light exposures were measured using 7-day free-living wrist-worn accelerometry. Incident dementia was identified from primary care, hospital inpatient admissions and death registry data. Cox proportional hazards models assessed associations, and mediation analyses evaluated circadian rest-activity rhythms (CRARs), brain structures and vitamin D as potential mediators.
RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 8.1 years, 741 participants developed dementia. Daytime light exposure above 1000 lux was associated with reduced dementia risk (hazard ratio [HR] 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71-0.99, p = 0.039). Longer exposure to brighter light (e.g., ≥ 0.70 h at ≥ 5000 lux; HR 0.83, p = 0.036) was associated with a further reduction in risk. In exploratory analyses, CRARs and brain structures mediated up to 33% of the association. Protective associations were stronger in those with high levels of nighttime light exposure, an evening chronotype or apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carrier status, with a risk reduction of up to 41%. Furthermore, < 0.70 h per day of bright daytime light (≥ 5000 lux) outperformed six established dementia predictors (e.g., obesity, alcohol consumption, traumatic brain injury and so on). Nighttime light showed no significant association with dementia risk.
CONCLUSIONS: High levels of daytime light exposure were significantly associated with lower dementia risk. Further research should explore its role in dementia screening and inform the development of light-based interventions.
AIMS: This study examined the associations of daytime and nighttime light exposure with dementia risk.
METHODS: A total of 87 577 dementia-free participants (mean age: 62.36 years; 56.98% female) were included. Daytime and nighttime light exposures were measured using 7-day free-living wrist-worn accelerometry. Incident dementia was identified from primary care, hospital inpatient admissions and death registry data. Cox proportional hazards models assessed associations, and mediation analyses evaluated circadian rest-activity rhythms (CRARs), brain structures and vitamin D as potential mediators.
RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 8.1 years, 741 participants developed dementia. Daytime light exposure above 1000 lux was associated with reduced dementia risk (hazard ratio [HR] 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71-0.99, p = 0.039). Longer exposure to brighter light (e.g., ≥ 0.70 h at ≥ 5000 lux; HR 0.83, p = 0.036) was associated with a further reduction in risk. In exploratory analyses, CRARs and brain structures mediated up to 33% of the association. Protective associations were stronger in those with high levels of nighttime light exposure, an evening chronotype or apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carrier status, with a risk reduction of up to 41%. Furthermore, < 0.70 h per day of bright daytime light (≥ 5000 lux) outperformed six established dementia predictors (e.g., obesity, alcohol consumption, traumatic brain injury and so on). Nighttime light showed no significant association with dementia risk.
CONCLUSIONS: High levels of daytime light exposure were significantly associated with lower dementia risk. Further research should explore its role in dementia screening and inform the development of light-based interventions.