In vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ethanol leaf extract of Ficus ottoniifolia Miq. on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced rheumatoid arthritis in albino rats.

This study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol leaf extract of Ficus ottoniifolia in CFA-induced rheumatoid arthritis in albino rats. Thirty rats were divided into six groups (n = 5): normal control, arthritic control, standard drug (diclofenac), and three extract treatment groups (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg). CFA induction caused significant reductions in antioxidant parameters (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH) and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α). Oral administration of the extract for 21 days produced clear dose-dependent improvements. The 600 mg/kg dose restored SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH levels to values comparable to diclofenac. The 400 mg/kg dose also showed strong effects, while the 200 mg/kg dose exhibited moderate restoration. Similarly, the extract significantly reduced IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, with 600 mg/kg dose achieving reductions comparable to the standard drug. These findings demonstrate the potent dose-dependent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Ficus ottoniifolia leaf extract.