Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
Serum metabolomic profiling reveals LysoPC/PC depletion as a potential biomarker to detect avian reoviral infection in neonatal broiler chickens.
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Ranaraja Asha, Subhasinghe Iresha, Shaik Noor Ahmad, Banaganapalli Babajan, Popowich Shelly, Ayalew Lisanework E, Mandal Rupasri, Wishart David S, Tikoo Suresh, Gomis Susantha
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Avian reovirus (ARV) infection causes viral arthritis in broiler chickens, leading to lameness and substantial economic loss in poultry production. Current conventional diagnostic methods detect infection only after clinical signs appear, limiting the ability to prevent disease progression. Hence, this study utilized serum metabolomics to identify early biomarkers of ARV infection prior to tissue damage.
METHODS: A total of 150 serum samples were collected from ARV-challenged broilers at 24, 48, and 72 h post-infection, along with uninfected controls. The samples underwent liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) profiling, followed by preprocessing through standardization, log2 transformation, and batch correction. Differential metabolite expressions were assessed using limma, and pathway enrichment was performed by using hypergeometric testing. Logistic regression (LR) and receiver operating characteristic (AUC) analyses identified metabolites that were consistently altered across all timepoints.
RESULTS: Among 587 metabolites detected, 371, 96, and 402 were differentially expressed at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Our findings have shown that lipid biomarkers like lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) a C14:0, LysoPC a C20:4, and phosphatidylcholine (PC) aa C38:5 were consistently decreased and demonstrated strong single-analyte discrimination, with LysoPC a C14:0 showing nearperfect specificity at 24/72 h (AUC ≈ 1.00). Conversely, the levels of non-lipids like N-acetylputrescine (NAP) and 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) were elevated, exhibiting high AUC (≈0.97-1.00) as sensitive early-screening markers. The pathway analysis revealed significant alterations in arginine-proline, branched-chain amino acid, glycine/serine/threonine, and one-carbon/folate metabolism.
DISCUSSION: These findings demonstrated that ARV infection induced early metabolic reprogramming within 24 h, with lipid remodeling and polyamine catabolism identified as key early biomarkers. Serum metabolomics thus provides a rapid, non-invasive tool for the early detection and surveillance of ARV infection in poultry flocks.
METHODS: A total of 150 serum samples were collected from ARV-challenged broilers at 24, 48, and 72 h post-infection, along with uninfected controls. The samples underwent liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) profiling, followed by preprocessing through standardization, log2 transformation, and batch correction. Differential metabolite expressions were assessed using limma, and pathway enrichment was performed by using hypergeometric testing. Logistic regression (LR) and receiver operating characteristic (AUC) analyses identified metabolites that were consistently altered across all timepoints.
RESULTS: Among 587 metabolites detected, 371, 96, and 402 were differentially expressed at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Our findings have shown that lipid biomarkers like lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) a C14:0, LysoPC a C20:4, and phosphatidylcholine (PC) aa C38:5 were consistently decreased and demonstrated strong single-analyte discrimination, with LysoPC a C14:0 showing nearperfect specificity at 24/72 h (AUC ≈ 1.00). Conversely, the levels of non-lipids like N-acetylputrescine (NAP) and 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) were elevated, exhibiting high AUC (≈0.97-1.00) as sensitive early-screening markers. The pathway analysis revealed significant alterations in arginine-proline, branched-chain amino acid, glycine/serine/threonine, and one-carbon/folate metabolism.
DISCUSSION: These findings demonstrated that ARV infection induced early metabolic reprogramming within 24 h, with lipid remodeling and polyamine catabolism identified as key early biomarkers. Serum metabolomics thus provides a rapid, non-invasive tool for the early detection and surveillance of ARV infection in poultry flocks.