Advancing One Health: Innovations and Future Directions in Mycotoxin Detection, Management, and Prevention-Narrative Review.

Mycotoxins, toxic secondary metabolites generated by fungi such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium species pose substantial concerns to food safety, livestock health, and environmental integrity around the world. This paper investigates the critical importance of a comprehensive One Health approach in addressing the widespread problem of mycotoxin contamination in the human, animal, and environmental health sectors. It investigates innovative management strategies to lower mycotoxin production and contamination, such as biocontrol agents, resistant crop types, and improved storage techniques. The review additionally discusses about ways to prevent pests and diseases from spreading based on integrated pest and crop management, as well as laws and rules that make it easier to control them. Most importantly, the article encourages for a One Health approach that motivates microbiologists, agronomists, veterinarians, public health officials, and lawmakers to work together to find long-lasting, cost-effective solutions. Future developments could include the use of omics technology, machine learning, integrating artificial intelligence, nanomaterials, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats Cas12a based biosensors, and blockchain for quick on-site mycotoxin detection, improving the clarity and accuracy of data, and educating and involving people to support best practices. This review brings together what we already know and points out where we need more information. It shows that we need new, collaborative ways to lower the risks of mycotoxins to protect global health, ensure food security, and promote environmentally friendly practices within a One Health framework.