Targeting inflammation, fibrosis, and vascular dysfunction in systemic sclerosis: the role of diet and complementary and alternative medicine.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) often seek advice regarding diet including functional foods, and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as adjunctive therapies. This review summarizes existing literature regarding these approaches.

RECENT FINDINGS: Study results of low Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, And Polyols (FODMAP), Mediterranean and ketogenic diets suggest symptom reduction and beneficial microbiota modulation in SSc, though sample sizes are small. Nitrate-rich and antioxidant supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids show promise in lowering inflammation and oxidative stress in the circulation. Herbal remedies like curcumin have demonstrated antifibrotic properties in preclinical models. Topical agents (e.g., rosemary oil, vitamin E gel) and nutritional vitamins (e.g., C, D, E) are also frequently used, though robust clinical trials are lacking.

SUMMARY: CAM, dietary interventions, and functional foods may aid in SSc management, but more rigorous research is needed to provide definitive evidence.