Successful Treatment of Leukemic Synovitis Complicated With Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia.

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a myeloproliferative disease characterized by monocyte-predominant hematopoiesis. It is sometimes complicated with cutaneous involvement known as leukemic cutis, which is associated with a poor prognosis. We report a patient with CMML who developed fever with knee joint swelling and pain. The patient was considered to have leukemic synovitis, and treatment with azacitidine improved her symptoms. Our case suggested that leukemic synovitis might indicate the indication for treatment, and arthrocentesis should be performed in patients with leukemia who present with joint swelling.