[Consensus and clinical practice guidelines in primary hyperparathyroidism].

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a disease whose form of presentation, diagnosis and treatment recommendations have been substantially modified in the last few years. With the development of autoanalyzers and routine calcemia determination, classical forms of presentation with bone and renal involvement have disappeared and the disease is more frequently detected in patients undergoing investigation for osteoporosis or kidney stones. Moreover, there is a difficult-to-quantify relationship between PHPT and cardiovascular and neurocognitive diseases. Therefore, although surgical treatment is clearly recommended in symptomatic patients, several consensus meetings have been required in the last 18 years to establish the recommendations for surgery in asymptomatic patients (age less than 50 years, calcemia 1 mg/dl above the normal limit, glomerular filtrate less than 60 ml/min, osteoporotic fracture or osteoporosis detected by densitometry in the hip, spinal column or forearm or impossibility of follow-up). If medical follow-up is chosen, annual evaluation of calcemia, glomerular filtrate and bone mass measurement is recommended and the possibility of medical treatment with bisphosphonates, raloxifene or cinacalcet is considered. If surgery is indicated, parathyroid scintigraphy and other localization techniques help to identify patients with a single adenoma who can undergo a minimally invasive approach under local anesthesia, as well as those with parathyroid tissue remnants undergoing reintervention due to persistent or recurrent PHPT. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone determination seems to be valid in these situations.