Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026
School-based screening for scoliosis and foot biomechanical abnormalities: a study of prevalence, plantar pressure, and gait among adolescents in Haidian District, Beijing.
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Miao Zelong, Xue Yuanyuan, Li Chengxin, Xing Chaohui, Jiang Hao, Wang Tianxiang, Zhang Dongyuan, Li Qian, Liu Yi, Wang Chenxi, Zhao Yuansong, Zhang Zhong, Song Dechen, Jia Bin
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and foot biomechanical disorders are significant public health concerns, impacting physical function and quality of life. Despite national screening mandates, regional data remain sparse.
METHODS: We conducted a school-based screening study to investigate the prevalence of scoliosis and foot-related biomechanical abnormalities among adolescents in Haidian District, Beijing, China. A total of 1,419 participants (739 males and 680 female) from primary and middle schools underwent spinal and plantar health assessments using standardized protocols, including the Adams forward bend test with a scoliometer, Foot Posture Index-6 (FPI-6), and static/dynamic plantar pressure analysis.
RESULTS: This cross-sectional study of 1,419 Beijing adolescents revealed a 2.04% prevalence of scoliosis (29 cases), showing significant female predominance (3.53% vs. 0.68%; χ 2 = 14.397, p < 0.001, φ = -0.101, Cramer's V = 0.101). Scoliosis prevalence showed distinct developmental patterns, with a significant increasing trend across grades (p = 0.011). Clear peaks were observed in 6th (4.22%) and 9th (4.35%) grades, where cases significantly exceeded expected counts, though the reliability of estimates for upper grades (11th-12th) may be limited by smaller sample sizes (48 and 18 participants, respectively). In contrast, the detection rate of foot abnormalities was slightly higher among males (47.8% vs. 43.4%), this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.098), and the effect size was negligible (Phi = 0.044). This indicates that foot abnormalities represent a common health concern affecting both sexes. Significant variation in foot abnormality prevalence was observed across grades [χ 2(11) = 36.98, p < 0.001], peaking sharply at school entry (62.7% in 1st grade) and then declining rapidly through elementary school. Prevalence stabilized during middle adolescence, with a non-significant apparent rebound in the small 12th-grade sample requiring cautious interpretation.
CONCLUSIONS: Key findings highlight the need for early and targeted interventions within school health programs. A gender-stratified approach is recommended: implementing gender-sensitive screening for scoliosis, while adopting universal promotion measures for foot health. Specific priorities include increasing flatfoot screening frequency among 1st-2nd grade boys and enhancing posture-related health education for adolescent girls during key transitional growth phases. These strategies aim to mitigate long-term musculoskeletal complications.
METHODS: We conducted a school-based screening study to investigate the prevalence of scoliosis and foot-related biomechanical abnormalities among adolescents in Haidian District, Beijing, China. A total of 1,419 participants (739 males and 680 female) from primary and middle schools underwent spinal and plantar health assessments using standardized protocols, including the Adams forward bend test with a scoliometer, Foot Posture Index-6 (FPI-6), and static/dynamic plantar pressure analysis.
RESULTS: This cross-sectional study of 1,419 Beijing adolescents revealed a 2.04% prevalence of scoliosis (29 cases), showing significant female predominance (3.53% vs. 0.68%; χ 2 = 14.397, p < 0.001, φ = -0.101, Cramer's V = 0.101). Scoliosis prevalence showed distinct developmental patterns, with a significant increasing trend across grades (p = 0.011). Clear peaks were observed in 6th (4.22%) and 9th (4.35%) grades, where cases significantly exceeded expected counts, though the reliability of estimates for upper grades (11th-12th) may be limited by smaller sample sizes (48 and 18 participants, respectively). In contrast, the detection rate of foot abnormalities was slightly higher among males (47.8% vs. 43.4%), this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.098), and the effect size was negligible (Phi = 0.044). This indicates that foot abnormalities represent a common health concern affecting both sexes. Significant variation in foot abnormality prevalence was observed across grades [χ 2(11) = 36.98, p < 0.001], peaking sharply at school entry (62.7% in 1st grade) and then declining rapidly through elementary school. Prevalence stabilized during middle adolescence, with a non-significant apparent rebound in the small 12th-grade sample requiring cautious interpretation.
CONCLUSIONS: Key findings highlight the need for early and targeted interventions within school health programs. A gender-stratified approach is recommended: implementing gender-sensitive screening for scoliosis, while adopting universal promotion measures for foot health. Specific priorities include increasing flatfoot screening frequency among 1st-2nd grade boys and enhancing posture-related health education for adolescent girls during key transitional growth phases. These strategies aim to mitigate long-term musculoskeletal complications.