Principles of Revision Total Ankle Arthroplasty.

Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) has become a recognized solution for patients suffering from end-stage ankle arthritis. Despite advancements in implant design and surgical techniques over the past decade, the long-term survivorship of these implants remains ill-defined. A notable deficiency exists in published data regarding failure rates and the underlying causes of implant failures. As indications for TAA expand-with more complex deformities, the incidence of revision surgeries is expected to rise. Accordingly, surgeons need to be familiar with the principles of total joint revision to successfully modify these failures to avoid amputation or conversion to fusion.