Recurrent spontaneous pneumothoraces associated with juvenile polymyositis.

A 17-year-old man, who had received a diagnosis of juvenile polymyositis (PM) at the age of 1 year, developed recurrent spontaneous pneumothoraces and underwent surgical treatment by means of video-assisted thoracic surgery. Intraoperative observation and microscopic studies demonstrated numerous bleb-like lesions below the visceral pleura. To our knowledge, this is the first article that describes a case of spontaneous pneumothorax associated with PM. Our observation should lead to broadening of the spectrum of pleuropulmonary manifestations of PM.