Heart transplant for dilated cardiomyopathy associated with polymyositis.

Cardiac involvement is one of the most significant factors in the poor clinical outcome of polymyositis. The case of a 39 year old African American woman with polymyositis, cardiomyopathy, and severe heart failure who had orthotopic heart transplantation is described. Review of the literature reveals that cardiac manifestations of polymyositis are frequent and include conduction system abnormalities, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, coronary artery atherosclerosis, valvar disease, and pericardial abnormalities.