Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the role of immune-related autophagy in aseptic loosening of biomaterials bone-implant.

This study employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to investigate the role of immune-related autophagy in the mechanism of aseptic loosening (AL) of biomaterial bone-implant. Through single-cell analysis of AL tissues, we mapped the cellular landscape, revealing various cell types and their characteristics within the context of AL. Our study specifically targeted immune cell subpopulations, including macrophages and neutrophils. The results suggest the autophagy-related gene Ctsb was downregulated in AL, especially in macrophages. Subsequently our experiments confirmed the correlation between reduced Ctsb expression and enhanced autophagy, which may affect macrophage apoptosis and osteoblast differentiation, ultimately contributing to periprosthetic osteolysis and AL. This study offers novel perspectives into the role of immune related autophagy in the mechanism of AL and establishes a foundation for the future development of targeted therapeutic strategies for AL.