Longitudinal observation of distal tibial degeneration in varus ankle osteoarthritis using plain radiograph.

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to explore the natural history of distal tibial deformity in varus ankle osteoarthritis and to identify risk factors for its progression.

METHODS

This retrospective longitudinal observational study included 97 ankles with moderate to severe varus ankle osteoarthritis, monitored for > 2 years. Radiographic assessments were conducted on weightbearing plain radiographs at the initial and final visit.

RESULTS

Significant tibial anterior surface angle reduction (p = 0.008), talus center medial migration (p = 0.038), and tibial lateral surface angle increase (p = 0.034) occurred. Multiple logistic analysis revealed an association between progression and coronal talar tilt angle at the first visit (odds ratio 1.17, p = 0.015)

CONCLUSION

The progression of radiographic distal tibial deformity in varus ankle osteoarthritis was clarified, identifying the coronal talar tilt angle as a risk factor.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, retrospective longitudinal observation study.