American journal of criminal justice : AJCJ · 2020
Debt, Incarceration, and Re-entry: a Scoping Review.
СтатьяScoping ReviewНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Karmacharya Paras, Donato Anthony A, Aryal Madan R, Ghimire Sushil, Pathak Ranjan, Shah Kalpana, Shrestha Pragya, Poudel Dilli, Wasser Thomas, Subedi Ananta, Giri Smith, Jalota Leena, Olivé Alejandro
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: National rates of lateral epicondylitis and surgical treatment are poorly defined. Disease burden of lateral epicondylitis (LE) continues to increase annually. Further study is necessary to optimize treatment algorithms to reduce associated health-care expenditures.
QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to review the annual incidence of LE, surgical rates, and associated health-care costs in a population setting.
METHODS: A national database was queried for LE from 2007 to 2014. Surgical cases were identified and annual rates were recorded. Demographic and epidemiologic data were reported with descriptive statistics, while trends over time were analyzed using linear regression.
RESULTS: Eighty-five thousand three hundred eighteen cases of LE were identified. The annual incidence per 10,000 patients remained constant (p = 0.304). The proportion of diagnoses in patients <65 years decreased (p ≤ 0.002) and ≥65 years increased (p < 0.001) over the study period. One thousand six hundred ninety-four patients (2%) required operative treatment. The annual rate of surgical intervention remained constant (p = 0.623). The proportion of patients <40 years requiring surgery decreased (p < 0.001) as the proportion of patients ≥65 years needing surgery increased (p = 0.003). Total reimbursement for LE procedures during the study period was $7,220,912. Average per-patient reimbursement was $4263. Both annual total reimbursement (p = 0.006) and per-patient reimbursement rates (p = 0.002) significantly increased.
CONCLUSION: The annual incidence of LE and rate of surgical intervention have remained constant from 2007 to 2014. The proportion of patients over >65 years diagnosed with, and receiving surgical treatment for, LE has significantly increased in recent years. Total reimbursement and average per-patient reimbursement have steadily risen, demonstrating the increasing burden of cost on the health-care system.
QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to review the annual incidence of LE, surgical rates, and associated health-care costs in a population setting.
METHODS: A national database was queried for LE from 2007 to 2014. Surgical cases were identified and annual rates were recorded. Demographic and epidemiologic data were reported with descriptive statistics, while trends over time were analyzed using linear regression.
RESULTS: Eighty-five thousand three hundred eighteen cases of LE were identified. The annual incidence per 10,000 patients remained constant (p = 0.304). The proportion of diagnoses in patients <65 years decreased (p ≤ 0.002) and ≥65 years increased (p < 0.001) over the study period. One thousand six hundred ninety-four patients (2%) required operative treatment. The annual rate of surgical intervention remained constant (p = 0.623). The proportion of patients <40 years requiring surgery decreased (p < 0.001) as the proportion of patients ≥65 years needing surgery increased (p = 0.003). Total reimbursement for LE procedures during the study period was $7,220,912. Average per-patient reimbursement was $4263. Both annual total reimbursement (p = 0.006) and per-patient reimbursement rates (p = 0.002) significantly increased.
CONCLUSION: The annual incidence of LE and rate of surgical intervention have remained constant from 2007 to 2014. The proportion of patients over >65 years diagnosed with, and receiving surgical treatment for, LE has significantly increased in recent years. Total reimbursement and average per-patient reimbursement have steadily risen, demonstrating the increasing burden of cost on the health-care system.