Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026
Differences in SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Persistence in Individuals With Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases Compared to the General Population: A RECOVER-Adult Cohort Study.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Patel Naomi J, Swank Zoe, Wang Jiaqi, Wang Xiaosong, O'Keeffe Lauren A, Negron Madison, Getachew Liya S, Hansen Louise L, Qian Grace, Saavedra Alene A, Mueller Kevin T, Davis Natalie A, Vanni Kathleen M M, Savage Sandria, Lam Julie S, Wallace Zachary S, Walt David R, Sparks Jeffrey A, RECOVER‐Adult
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Individuals with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) are at risk for worse acute and post-acute COVID-19 outcomes, though whether individuals with SARDs have longer persistence of viral antigens after COVID-19 has not been studied.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study evaluated post-COVID-19 differences in SARS-CoV-2 antigen (spike, spike protein that contains the receptor-binding domain, and nucleocapsid) positivity between individuals with SARDs (COVID-19 and Rheumatic Diseases [RheumCARD]) and without SARDs (Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery [RECOVER]-Adult). SARS-CoV-2 antigens were measured in collected samples using a validated ultrasensitive single molecule array. This digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay used antibody-coated magnetic beads to capture antigen molecules, which were loaded into microwell arrays and detected through enzymatic cleavage of a fluorescent substrate. We used logistic regression to estimate unadjusted and adjusted (for age, sex, infection year, vaccination status, and COVID-19 treatment) odds ratios for SARS-CoV-2 antigen positivity at months 3 and 6 following COVID-19.
RESULTS: Among 210 individuals with SARDs in RheumCARD and 348 individuals without SARDs in RECOVER-Adult, any SARS-CoV-2 antigen positivity was more common in those with SARDs (36.7% in RheumCARD vs 18.9% in RECOVER-Adult; P < 0.001). Those with SARDs had higher odds of nucleocapsid antigen positivity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28-10.85) or any antigen positivity (aOR 2.89, 95% CI 1.43-5.85) three months after COVID-19 infection and higher odds of nucleocapsid antigen positivity (aOR 6.62, 95% CI 1.09-40.30) six months after COVID-19 infection.
CONCLUSION: Individuals with SARDs were more likely to have SARS-CoV-2 antigen positivity at months 3 and 6 following COVID-19 infection compared with individuals without SARDs, not explained by demographics, variant, vaccination, or treatment.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study evaluated post-COVID-19 differences in SARS-CoV-2 antigen (spike, spike protein that contains the receptor-binding domain, and nucleocapsid) positivity between individuals with SARDs (COVID-19 and Rheumatic Diseases [RheumCARD]) and without SARDs (Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery [RECOVER]-Adult). SARS-CoV-2 antigens were measured in collected samples using a validated ultrasensitive single molecule array. This digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay used antibody-coated magnetic beads to capture antigen molecules, which were loaded into microwell arrays and detected through enzymatic cleavage of a fluorescent substrate. We used logistic regression to estimate unadjusted and adjusted (for age, sex, infection year, vaccination status, and COVID-19 treatment) odds ratios for SARS-CoV-2 antigen positivity at months 3 and 6 following COVID-19.
RESULTS: Among 210 individuals with SARDs in RheumCARD and 348 individuals without SARDs in RECOVER-Adult, any SARS-CoV-2 antigen positivity was more common in those with SARDs (36.7% in RheumCARD vs 18.9% in RECOVER-Adult; P < 0.001). Those with SARDs had higher odds of nucleocapsid antigen positivity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28-10.85) or any antigen positivity (aOR 2.89, 95% CI 1.43-5.85) three months after COVID-19 infection and higher odds of nucleocapsid antigen positivity (aOR 6.62, 95% CI 1.09-40.30) six months after COVID-19 infection.
CONCLUSION: Individuals with SARDs were more likely to have SARS-CoV-2 antigen positivity at months 3 and 6 following COVID-19 infection compared with individuals without SARDs, not explained by demographics, variant, vaccination, or treatment.