Evaluation of the impact of curcumin concentrations on the viability of human periodontal ligament cells: An in vitro study.

BACKGROUND

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that leads to the destruction of periodontal tissues, exacerbated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Current therapeutic approaches seek to reduce inflammation and promote regeneration. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, may offer a biocompatible alternative for periodontal regeneration by protecting human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) from inflammatory damage.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

The present in vitro study examined the effects of curcumin on hPDLCs exposed to LPS (10 µg/mL) to simulate an inflammatory environment. hPDLCs were divided into four groups: control, curcumin-treated (2.5 µM and 5 µM), LPS-induced inflammation, and LPS with curcumin. Cell viability was assessed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and morphological changes were evaluated via phase-contrast microscopy.

RESULTS

Curcumin treatment did not significantly impact cell viability in hPDLCs under noninflammatory conditions, with viability rates exceeding 94%. In LPS-stimulated cells, curcumin at 2.5 µM and 5 µM significantly improved viability from 60.1% (LPS only) to 80.1% and 87.6%, respectively. Morphological assessment revealed that curcumin mitigated LPS-induced cellular damage, promoting normal cell structure and growth.

CONCLUSION

Curcumin demonstrates potential as a therapeutic agent for periodontal regeneration by enhancing cell viability and counteracting LPS-induced cytotoxicity in hPDLCs. This study supports curcumin's role in creating a microenvironment conducive to periodontal tissue repair and highlights its promise for future applications in periodontal therapy.