Factors Associated with Chronic Low Back Pain in Hungary Based on the European Health Interview Surveys Conducted in 2009, 2014, and 2019: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction

Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide, with substantial variation in prevalence across regions. It is associated with a wide range of biophysical, psychological, social, and lifestyle factors, as well as comorbid conditions. Given its high impact, identifying population-level correlations of LBP is essential for informing prevention strategies. This study aimed to assess demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and health-related factors associated with LBP in Hungary.

Methods

A repeated cross-sectional analysis was conducted using secondary data from three waves of the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) carried out in Hungary in 2009, 2014, and 2019.

Results

The prevalence of LBP increased over the study period. Female sex, higher educational attainment, normal body mass index, non-smoking status, abstaining from alcohol, and good self-perceived health were associated with lower odds of LBP. In contrast, older age (≥65 years), unfavorable financial status, residence in socioeconomically disadvantaged regions, use of over-the-counter medications, and several chronic conditions were associated with higher odds.

Conclusions

Reducing the impact of low back pain requires its integration into comprehensive public health frameworks that combine chronic disease management with consideration of socioeconomic inequalities at the population level.