PIEZO1-Mediated Mechanotransduction in Craniofacial Biology.

PIEZO1, a critical mechanosensitive ion channel, has been demonstrated to convert mechanical forces into biochemical signals via Ca2+ influx, thereby regulating pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, and YAP/TAZ. It plays a pivotal role in craniofacial biology by maintaining bone homeostasis, facilitating dentin mineralization, periodontal remodeling, and orthodontic tooth movement. Expressed in bone tissue, dental pulp stem cells, and periodontal ligament cells, dysregulated PIEZO1 is implicated in a number of conditions, including osteoporosis, dentin hypersensitivity, temporomandibular disorders, and periodontitis. The therapeutic potential of chemical modulators such as Yoda1 (an agonist) and GsMTx4 (an inhibitor) has been demonstrated; however, their clinical translation remains limited. Future research should focus on elucidating molecular mechanisms, signaling cascades, and species differences to advance PIEZO1-targeted therapies, offering novel strategies for managing craniofacial disorders and enhancing regenerative approaches in dentistry.