Biologics for the Treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is one of the most common chronic diseases in children. Recently, the management of JIA has substantially changed, thanks to the availability of new treatment options, represented by biological drugs or biologics. These drugs modulate the specific mechanisms of the immune systems, such as TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 signaling, or lymphocyte activation and/or functioning. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion on the current recommendations and clinical evidence regarding the use of the available biologics in the treatment of JIA; moreover, the main pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of any specific biologic drug have been summarized.