Risk factors for the outcome and prognosis of multiple myeloma patients with pathological fractures undergoing percutaneous vertebroplasty.

This study focuses on the clinical features affecting the outcome and prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) associated with spinal fractures. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 194 MM patients with pathologic thoracic or lumbar spine fractures admitted to Dongying People's Hospital from April 2005 to February 2021. Patients were categorized into effective and ineffective groups based on post-treatment pain scores and mobility to analyze the influencing factors on the efficacy. Univariate analysis showed that age ≥60 years, number of vertebral fractures ≥2, and conservative treatment were associated with the outcomes. The number of vertebral fractures ≥2 (OR=2.198, P=0.034) and conservative treatment (OR=1.685, P=0.012) were identified as independent risk factors. In addition, survival curves were depicted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and independent risk factors affecting 2-year survival included efficacy (HR=17.924, P<0.001), age (HR=3.544, P=0.003) and International Staging System staging (HR=10.770, P=0.001). Finally, we constructed a high-accuracy prognostic model for predicting 2-year survival of MM patients with pathologic fractures (AUC=0.756). In conclusion, this study identified independent risk factors affecting the outcome and survival of MM patients with morbid fractures by systematically analyzing clinical characteristics and constructing a survival prediction model, thus providing effective guideline for clinical treatment.