American journal of translational research · 2026
Evaluation of continuous axial stress on tibial fracture healing in canine models using custom external fixator.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Fan Yizhe, Zhang Xiao, Shen Zhongyuan, Han Zhen, Wei Chengjian
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of physiologically relevant continuous axial stress on tibial fracture healing in canines using a custom external fixator.
METHODS: A custom external fixator was developed to apply quantifiable stress. First, maximum axial stress derived from muscle contraction was measured using a film sensor. Subsequently, canine tibial fracture models were established and assigned to non-stress, half-maximum stress, or maximum stress groups. Healing was evaluated via radiography, micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), biomechanical testing, Western Blot, and Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
RESULTS: The maximum physiological axial stress was measured at 460 g. Compared with maximum stress and non-stress groups, the half-maximum stress group exhibited superior fracture healing, evidenced by increased callus formation and bone volume ratio (BV/TV) in X-ray and micro-CT analyses. Biomechanical testing demonstrated significantly higher ultimate strength in the half-maximum group. Molecular analyses further supported these observations, showing sustained upregulation of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and Type I Collagen (COL-1) expression in the half-maximum group.
CONCLUSIONS: Muscle contraction generates a maximum axial stress of approximately 460 g at canine tibial fracture sites. Continuous application of half the maximum axial stress significantly enhances fracture healing compared to both maximum stress and non-stress conditions.
METHODS: A custom external fixator was developed to apply quantifiable stress. First, maximum axial stress derived from muscle contraction was measured using a film sensor. Subsequently, canine tibial fracture models were established and assigned to non-stress, half-maximum stress, or maximum stress groups. Healing was evaluated via radiography, micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), biomechanical testing, Western Blot, and Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
RESULTS: The maximum physiological axial stress was measured at 460 g. Compared with maximum stress and non-stress groups, the half-maximum stress group exhibited superior fracture healing, evidenced by increased callus formation and bone volume ratio (BV/TV) in X-ray and micro-CT analyses. Biomechanical testing demonstrated significantly higher ultimate strength in the half-maximum group. Molecular analyses further supported these observations, showing sustained upregulation of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and Type I Collagen (COL-1) expression in the half-maximum group.
CONCLUSIONS: Muscle contraction generates a maximum axial stress of approximately 460 g at canine tibial fracture sites. Continuous application of half the maximum axial stress significantly enhances fracture healing compared to both maximum stress and non-stress conditions.