Journal of ethnopharmacology · 2025
In vivo analgesic, anti-inflammatory activities, and phytochemical profile of Thai herbal Kratom recipe, a traditional Thai herbal medicine for muscle pain relief.
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Mahaprom Kanchapat, Chokpaisarn Julalak, Kunworarath Nongluk, Paduka Wanhuda, Phoopha Sathianpong, Limsuwan Surasak, Neamsuvan Oratai
Аннотация
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Thai herbal Kratom (THK), a traditional Thai remedy for muscle pain, is composed of six important medicinal plants and has been traditionally used as a compressed ball for muscle pain management. This study aimed to evaluate its phytochemical composition and biological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic actions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The phytochemical profile was investigated, and antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays. In vivo anti-inflammatory properties were examined using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP)-induced ear edema, while anti-nociceptive activity was explored by the hot plate test and acetic acid-induced writhing test.
RESULTS: The ethanolic extract of THK was found to contain several potent phytochemicals, including 4-hydroxycoumarin, curcumin, mitragynine, aloin A, and limonin. HPLC analysis revealed a high concentration of mitragynine in the extract, with a value of 10.76 ± 0.50 mg/L. The extract demonstrated an antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays, with IC50 value of 275.15 ± 1.78 and 256.49 ± 6.66 μg/mL, respectively. Oral administration of THK at dose of 125-500 mg/kg exhibited promising anti-inflammatory activity in a dose-dependent manner by reducing carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Topical application of THK (1-2 mg/ear) was shown to highly inhibit ear swelling at 120 min after EEP-induced inflammation, with values of 83%, which was more potent activity than indomethacin treatment at 30, 60, and 120 min. Furthermore, THK at 125 mg/kg significantly reduced pain response in both the hot plate and acetic acid-induced writhing tests.
CONCLUSION: This study found that the ethanolic extract of THK possesses significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in vivo, supporting its traditional use for muscle pain management.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The phytochemical profile was investigated, and antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays. In vivo anti-inflammatory properties were examined using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP)-induced ear edema, while anti-nociceptive activity was explored by the hot plate test and acetic acid-induced writhing test.
RESULTS: The ethanolic extract of THK was found to contain several potent phytochemicals, including 4-hydroxycoumarin, curcumin, mitragynine, aloin A, and limonin. HPLC analysis revealed a high concentration of mitragynine in the extract, with a value of 10.76 ± 0.50 mg/L. The extract demonstrated an antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays, with IC50 value of 275.15 ± 1.78 and 256.49 ± 6.66 μg/mL, respectively. Oral administration of THK at dose of 125-500 mg/kg exhibited promising anti-inflammatory activity in a dose-dependent manner by reducing carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Topical application of THK (1-2 mg/ear) was shown to highly inhibit ear swelling at 120 min after EEP-induced inflammation, with values of 83%, which was more potent activity than indomethacin treatment at 30, 60, and 120 min. Furthermore, THK at 125 mg/kg significantly reduced pain response in both the hot plate and acetic acid-induced writhing tests.
CONCLUSION: This study found that the ethanolic extract of THK possesses significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in vivo, supporting its traditional use for muscle pain management.