Systematic Review on Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Safety of Pitavastatin in Dyslipidemia in Asia.

Objectives

Dyslipidemia, a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), is marked by abnormal lipid levels, such as the elevated lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Statins are the first-line treatment for LDL-C reduction. Pitavastatin (PIT) has shown potential in lowering LDL-C and improving high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). This review assesses pitavastatin's efficacy, effectiveness, and safety in dyslipidemia management in Asia.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases up to November 2024, adhering to Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Seventeen studies (12 RCTs and 5 non-RCTs) were analyzed, focusing on LDL-C reduction, safety profiles, and adverse events. The quality of the studies was assessed using checklists to ensure the selection of the best studies and to limit bias.

Results

Pitavastatin doses (1-4 mg) reduced LDL-C by 28-47%, comparable to atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin. The 2 mg dose matched atorvastatin's 10 mg dose in efficacy for both short-term (35-42%) and long-term (28-36%) use. LDL-C target achievement rates were 75-95%. Adverse events, including mild myalgia and elevated liver enzymes, were rare, and discontinuation rates were low.

Conclusions

Pitavastatin is an effective and safe alternative to traditional statins for dyslipidemia management in Asia. Further research on long-term outcomes and high-risk groups is warranted.