The role of thrombospondin-1 in dermatological conditions.

Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) is a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein that interacts with various cell surface receptors, including cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), CD47, and integrins, as well as secreted proteins such as angiogenic factors and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. THBS1 drives the development of various skin diseases at the molecular level by modulating core pathological processes, such as angiogenesis, fibrosis, inflammation, and tumor progression, thereby serving as a pivotal nexus between fundamental research and clinical dermatology. This review systematically explores the molecular mechanisms of THBS1 signaling in the skin, highlighting its implications in wound healing, tissue regeneration, inflammatory responses, fibrosis, and skin tumor development. By examining these aspects, we aim to elucidate the multifaceted roles of THBS1 in clinically refractory skin diseases and its translational potential as a therapeutic target.