The TRPM family: key players and mechanisms in energy metabolism.

The transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) subfamily comprises eight cation channels, which are classified into four pairs based on overall amino acid sequence similarity across the full-length proteins. Accumulating evidence has established these channels as crucial regulators of energy metabolism. Multiple TRPM subtypes contribute to glucolipid metabolism through tissue-specific expression patterns and distinct functional properties. In this review, we systematically summarize the structural characteristics and classification of the TRPM family, with an emphasis on its critical roles in metabolic regulation. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting specific TRPM channels for the treatment of metabolic diseases, aiming to provide a foundation for future research and drug development.