Silver nanoparticle hydrogen peroxide composite mitigates resistant Escherichia coli dissemination driven by poultry waste biosecurity failures.

This two-phase study evaluated biosecurity vulnerabilities across 100 commercial poultry farms via a field survey and an in vitro assessment of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) versus a silver nanoparticle-hydrogen peroxide (AgNPs- H2O2) composite. Survey metrics revealed critical baseline deficiencies: 80% of farmers lacked antimicrobial resistance (AMR) awareness, 90% practiced no litter treatment, and 70% of untreated waste was sold directly to aquaculture. Molecular analysis of 192 litter samples verified a 72.4% E. coli prevalence, with Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) indices peaking at 0.90. Phenotypic profiling showed high resistance to ampicillin (89.9%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (61.2%), whereas colistin demonstrated 100% susceptibility. A significant co-resistance was identified between imipenem and tetracycline (φ = 0.65, p_adj < 0.001) and between cefotaxime and ceftazidime (φ = 0.58, p_adj < 0.001), P < 0.01) after Benjamini-Hochberg FDR correction. Concurrently, the AgNPs- H2O2 composite exhibited superior efficacy with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 3.125 µg/mL, proving four-fold more potent than standalone H2O2. Time-kill kinetics demonstrated complete bacterial reduction within 24 h (P < 0.001), successfully suppressing the post-6-hour regrowth observed with H2O2 alone. While this study is limited by its regional geographical scope and the lack of molecular characterization for specific resistance genes, it conclusively identifies veterinary supervision deficits (P < 0.0001) as a driver of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) transmission. Ultimately, the AgNPs- H2O2 composite offers a promising in vitro One Health biosecurity strategy, achieving complete bacterial reduction under controlled conditions at a 75% lower concentration than standalone H2O2, pending field validation.