Artificial intelligence in severe rigid Scoliosis: Opportunities, challenges, and the road ahead.

Severe rigid scoliosis remains one of the most complex challenges in spine surgery, characterized by three-dimensional deformity, progressive rigidity, and high perioperative risks. Traditional surgical planning and correction strategies are limited by variability in anatomical presentations, difficulty in predicting outcomes, and the need for meticulous intraoperative decision-making. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool to address these challenges, offering applications in imaging analysis, deformity classification, surgical planning, navigation, and outcome prediction. This review explores the current opportunities of AI in the management of severe rigid scoliosis, critically examines its limitations, and outlines the future roadmap toward integration in precision spine surgery.