C-reactive protein during the first 6 postoperative days after total hip arthroplasty cannot predict early periprosthetic infection.

INTRODUCTION

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains a serious complication in orthopaedic surgery. C-reactive protein (CRP) is widely used as a marker to screen for inflammatory complications. The early postoperative course is well known, but knowledge about the predictive value of CRP in the first 6 postoperative days for detecting an acute postoperative PJI is lacking.

METHODS

We retrospectively analyzed the inpatient course of CRP of all primary THA and THA with acute PJI within 28 days in our hospital from 2013 to 2021. A receiver-operating curve (ROC) analysis was performed and the best CRP threshold for detecting an acute PJI based on Youden's-index was calculated and an area-under-the curve (AUC) analysis of the threshold was performed.

RESULTS

33 of 7042 patients included had an acute PJI within 28 days. Patients with acute PJI were older, had a higher BMI and longer operation time and suffered more often from diabetes mellitus. A preoperatively elevated CRP was a risk factor for PJI. CRP was significantly higher in the PJI group on postoperative days 3 and 5. Threshold values were calculated to be 152 mg/l on day 3 and 73 mg/l on day 5. However, these values had a low sensitivity (75%, 76%) and specificity (67%, 61%).

CONCLUSION

Especially considering the decreasing length of stay after THA, the question of the usefulness of regular inpatient CRP checks arises. AUC analysis of the ROC showed a poor diagnostic accuracy in almost all cases. Only the dynamic analysis of the maximum CRP value to the lowest CRP value with a decrease of 102.7 mg/l showed a fair accuracy. This calls into question the clinical relevance of CRP in the first postoperative week for detection of acute postoperative PJI.