Regulation of exosomal miR-513a and miR-149 expression by APE1 in PD-L1 and TCR immune regulation pathways to promote immune evasion in osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma is a highly malignant bone tumor with a complex immune evasion mechanism involving various molecules and signaling pathways. This study aims to clarify how APE1 regulates the expression of miR-513a and miR-149 and to explore its role in osteosarcoma immune evasion. The results indicate that APE1 levels are inversely related to those of miR-513a and miR-149. Exosomal miR-513a and miR-149 significantly impair T-cell function by decreasing TNFα secretion. APE1 contributes to osteosarcoma's immune evasion by modulating exosomal miR-513a and miR-149, influencing the PD-L1 and TCR pathways, thus presenting a potential molecular target for therapy.