Incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw by the use of osteoclast inhibitors in patients with bone metastases: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND

The use of osteoclast inhibitors in metastatic bone disease, increase bone mineral density and reduce the risk of fracture, patients with osteonecrosis have been reported after the chronic use of these inhibitors. In our country, the use of osteoclast inhibitors is in the context of osteoporosis and bone metastases, so it is important to describe the incidence of this complication in Mexican population.

OBJECTIVE

To describe the incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaws at the Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, during the period from January 1st, 2010 to June 1st, 2016.

METHODS

This is a retrospective cohort study developed at the Centro Medico Nacional 20 Noviembre, ISSSTE, Mexico. We included all patients who received bisphosphonates or denosumab in the context of metastatic bone disease due to solid tumors and who had osteonecrosis of the jaw.

RESULTS

A 802 patients who used bisphosphonates or denosumab in metastatic bone disease (699 bisphosphonates and 103 denosumab). Of these, 28 (3.5%) patients presented osteonecrosis. The median use of zoledronic acid for the presence of osteonecrosis was 25 months (15-49 months) and for Denosumab it was 16 months (11-35 months), without finding significant differences between the use of drugs p = 0.511 and the risk of osteonecrosis.

CONCLUSIONS

Drug-induced osteonecrosis has a low incidence in Mexican population, denosumab does not show a greater number of cases of osteonecrosis compared to bisphosphonates; no association was found between functional status, number of metastatic bone sites, nor use of antigenic or tyrosine kinase inhibitors as factor associated with osteonecrosis of the jaws.