Glycoconjugate vaccine strategies for protection against invasive Salmonella infections.

OBJECTIVES

Dermatomyositis (DM) patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) antibodies are known for poor prognosis. This study was designed to identify humoral factors that are readily detectable in the disease and may reflect its activity and pathophysiology.

METHODS

We first quantified the serum level expression of 28 cytokines in the serum of patients with collagen vascular diseases using bead-based multiplex immunoassays. We completed these evaluations at hospital admission and followed up with three DM patients with anti-MDA5 antibodies during hospitalisation. We also performed an immunohistochemical analysis of skin samples obtained from two patients.

RESULTS

The serum level of interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) was significantly higher in DM patients with anti-MDA5 antibodies than in those without the antibody, decreasing drastically upon treatment. Interestingly, this time course paralleled not that of interferon (IFN)-γ, which was originally reported to be the inducer of IP-10, but that of IFN-α2. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that most of the IP-10-positive cells were macrophages. Furthermore, monocytes stimulated with type I IFN in vitro produced IP-10 in a dose-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONS

IP-10 is a potentially useful disease activity marker of DM with anti-MDA5 antibodies, correlating more with IFN-α2 then IFN-γ. IP-10 released from macrophages might prompt the infiltration of macrophages themselves. Thus, the type I IFN/IP-10 axis may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of this intractable disease.