Captive Psittacines with Chlamydia avium Infection.

Avian chlamydiosis is an infection caused by obligate intracellular, gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Chlamydiaceae family. Birds can be hosts of several Chlamydia species, including Chlamydia avium, which has only been detected in pigeons and psittacine birds. In this study, depression, respiratory distress, and mortality were noted among psittacines belonging to a large aviary with 35 different avian species. On the basis of immunohistochemistry and PCR testing, chlamydiosis was diagnosed in affected birds. Gross and histopathologic lesions were mainly observed in the spleen and gastrointestinal tract. Chlamydia avium was detected in four psittacines by PCR, including two dead birds and two individuals exhibiting respiratory distress. Increased aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase values and anemia were consistently identified in affected birds. Administration of doxycycline, combined with hepatoprotectors and vitamins, was effective in stopping mortality and bacterial shedding.