Platelet-derived non-coding RNAs as emerging contributors to autoimmune inflammation.

Autoimmune disorders, where the immune response targets self-tissues, causing chronic inflammation and damage to the tissue, afflict millions of individuals around the globe. Besides their traditional role in hemostasis, platelets have emerged as immune regulators by releasing non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), gene-regulatory molecules without protein-coding capacity. In this review, the role of platelet-derived ncRNAs in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune disease as possible diagnostic and therapeutic markers will be elucidated. The role of non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and ncRNA-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from platelets in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases will be clarified. Platelet-derived H19 (lncRNA) has been shown to participate in the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by influencing inflammation through affecting systemic immune responses; however, the obstacle to detecting and characterizing ncRNAs and their released factors remains challenging due to their small size and intricate regulation; next-generation sequencing and sensitive biosensors have emerged as potential solutions for such matters. This review highlights the role of platelet-derived ncRNAs as well as their exosomal cargos in autoimmune diseases, opening new horizons in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for autoimmune diseases. Relevant literature was systematically searched in PubMed and Scopus databases using the keywords "platelet-derived ncRNAs," "autoimmunity," and "autoimmune diseases," all less than 10 years old.