The superiority of magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating the cause of hip pain in endurance athletes.

The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging of the hip was prospectively evaluated in 19 military subjects engaged in endurance training. These patients had hip pain, negative radiographs, and radionuclide bone scans consistent with femoral neck stress fracture. Twenty-two hips were identified as positive for femoral neck stress fracture by bone scan. Each patient underwent magnetic resonance imaging and 6-week follow-up plain radiographs of the hips. Magnetic resonance imaging studies differentiated femoral neck stress fractures from a synovial pit, iliopsoas muscle tear, iliopsoas tendinitis, obturator externus tendinitis, avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and a unicameral bone cyst. The follow-up radiographs were used to verify the diagnosis of stress fracture. The radiographs showed healing callus in patients with stress fractures. Patients with diagnoses other than stress fractures had no changes on follow-up radiographs. Magnetic resonance imaging studies were as sensitive and much more specific than bone scan in determining the cause of hip pain. Radionuclide bone scan had an accuracy of 68% for femoral neck stress fractures with 32% false-positive results; MRI was 100% accurate. Magnetic resonance imaging proved to be superior to radionuclide bone scanning in providing an early and accurate diagnostic tool that aided in the differential diagnosis of hip pain in the young endurance athlete.