The Role of 3D Printed Spine Model in Complex Spinal Deformity Surgery; an Experience With a Case, Technical Notes and Review of the Literature.

Complex spinal deformity in adults, often from neglected congenital deformities, poses surgical challenges. Understanding the 3D anatomy is crucial. A 3D-printed spinal model aids pre-operative planning, intra-operative navigation, and education. It reduces surgery time, bleeding, and X-ray dose, while improving screw placement accuracy and navigation of intra-spinal pathologies.