Burden of disease attributable to high body mass index: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
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Zhou Xiao-Dong, Chen Qin-Fen, Yang Wah, Zuluaga Mauricio, Targher Giovanni, Byrne Christopher D, Valenti Luca, Luo Fei, Katsouras Christos S, Thaher Omar, Misra Anoop, Ataya Karim, Oviedo Rodolfo J, Pik-Shan Kong Alice, Alswat Khalid, Lonardo Amedeo, Wong Yu Jun, Abu-Abeid Adam, Al Momani Hazem, Ali Arshad, Molina Gabriel Alejandro, Szepietowski Olivia, Jumaev Nozim Adxamovich, Kızılkaya Mehmet Celal, Viveiros Octavio, Toro-Huamanchumo Carlos Jesus, Yen Kok Kenneth Yuh, Ospanov Oral, Abbas Syed Imran, Robertson Andrew Gerard, Fouad Yasser, Mantzoros Christos S, Zhang Huijie, Méndez-Sánchez Nahum, Sookoian Silvia, Chan Wah-Kheong, Treeprasertsuk Sombat, Adams Leon, Ocama Ponsiano, Ryan John D, Perera Nilanka, Sharara Ala I, Al-Busafi Said A, Opio Christopher Kenneth, Garcia Manuel, Lim-Loo Michelle Ching, Ruiz-Úcar Elena, Prasad Arun, Casajoana Anna, Abdelbaki Tamer N, Zheng Ming-Hua
Аннотация
METHODS: We systematically analyzed global deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to high BMI using the methodology and analytical approaches of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. High BMI was defined as a BMI over 25 kg/m2 for individuals aged ≥20 years. The Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) was used as a composite measure to assess the level of socio-economic development across different regions. Subgroup analyses considered age, sex, year, geographical location, and SDI.
FINDINGS: From 1990 to 2021, the global deaths and DALYs attributable to high BMI increased more than 2.5-fold for females and males. However, the age-standardized death rates remained stable for females and increased by 15.0% for males. Similarly, the age-standardized DALY rates increased by 21.7% for females and 31.2% for males. In 2021, the six leading causes of high BMI-attributable DALYs were diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, chronic kidney disease, low back pain and stroke. From 1990 to 2021, low-middle SDI countries exhibited the highest annual percentage changes in age-standardized DALY rates, whereas high SDI countries showed the lowest.
INTERPRETATION: The worldwide health burden attributable to high BMI has grown significantly between 1990 and 2021. The increasing global rates of high BMI and the associated disease burden highlight the urgent need for regular surveillance and monitoring of BMI.
FUNDING: National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Key R&D Program of China.