Factors Associated with Reoperation after Pyrocarbon Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty for the Arthritic Joint: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction  The rate of reoperation after pyrocarbon proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty ranges from 5.9 to 37% and complications such as radiographic loosening, deformity, dislocation, and stiffness are common. Because of the limited amount of knowledge around these problems, we evaluated factors associated with reoperation after pyrocarbon PIP arthroplasty. Materials and Methods  We retrospectively included all adult patients that underwent primary PIP pyrocarbon implant arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system. A total of 45 patients, with a mean age of 55 (standard deviation: 14), underwent 66 PIP arthroplasties. To address for within individual correlations, we only included fingers treated at patients' initial surgery ( n = 54) in our statistical analysis. These patients were predominantly diagnosed with noninflammatory arthritis 73% ( n = 33). Arthroplasty was performed upon 10 index, 22 middle, 20 ring, and 2 small fingers. Results  The reoperation rate after pyrocarbon PIP arthroplasty was 30% over a median follow-up of 25 months (interquartile range: 8.7-54). Indications for reoperation consisted of subluxation ( n = 6), stiffness ( n = 5), swan-neck deformity ( n = 3), and soft tissue complications ( n = 2). Younger age ( p = 0.025), male sex ( p = 0.017), and noninflammatory arthritis ( p = 0.038) were associated with a higher reoperation rate. Conclusion  In this study, our reoperation rate after pyrocarbon PIP arthroplasty was 30%. This study suggested that younger patients, males, and patients with noninflammatory arthritis are at higher risk of reoperation. We recommend considering these factors when selecting candidates for pyrocarbon arthroplasty. Future studies should focus on prospectively researching these factors in comparison with other implants.