Prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Indian women: A cross-sectional study.

Osteoporosis remains an underdiagnosed public health challenge among postmenopausal Indian women due to limited routine screening and delayed risk recognition. Therefore, it is of interest to study evaluating bone mineral density and associated risk factors in postmenopausal women using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A high prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis was observed, with advancing age, multiparity, prolonged menopausal duration, tobacco use and low educational status showing significant associations with reduced bone mass. Thus, we show a substantial hidden burden of low bone density in tertiary-care-attending Indian women, emphasizing the need for early detection strategies. Routine DXA screening and targeted preventive interventions at menopause may reduce future fracture risk and healthcare burden.