A vitamin D enriched diet attenuates sex-specific behavioral deficits, increases the lifespan, but does not rescue bone abnormalities in a mouse model of cortical dysplasia.

Individuals who experience recurrent spontaneous seizures often show behavioral and physiological comorbidities. Those with epilepsy are at a high risk of bone fractures (independent of seizure-related falls) and show a higher rate of a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. The neural subset-specific (NS) Pten knockout (KO) mouse has an epilepsy phenotype, has been characterized to show autistic-like deficits, and has an osteoporosis phenotype. The current study examined the effect of a vitamin D enriched diet (20,000 IU VD) in the NS-Pten KO and wildtype mice. Mice were placed onto a vitamin D enriched diet at 4 weeks of age and maintained on that diet throughout testing. Behavioral testing began at 6 weeks of age and included tests for general activity, anxiety, repetitive behaviors, social behaviors, and memory. Results indicated that a vitamin D diet attenuated hypoactivity levels in male KO mice (p < 0.05). In a social partition task, vitamin D increased sociability in male wildtype mice, (p < 0.05). Most significantly, vitamin D fortified diet increased percent survival in KO animals and decreased the level of microglia marker IBA-1 and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) downstream targets pS6 and pAKT. A high vitamin D diet did not reverse bone deficits in male or female KO mice. Overall, these findings suggest that a vitamin D enriched diet had a significant impact on the behavioral phenotype of NS-Pten KO mice, suggesting that dietary manipulations could be a potential therapeutic option for autistic-like behavior.