Nature · 2014
Pre-Columbian mycobacterial genomes reveal seals as a source of New World human tuberculosis.
Историческая статьяСтатьяПоддержка NIH: внешняя программаПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАПоддержка правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Bos Kirsten I, Harkins Kelly M, Herbig Alexander, Coscolla Mireia, Weber Nico, Comas Iñaki, Forrest Stephen A, Bryant Josephine M, Harris Simon R, Schuenemann Verena J, Campbell Tessa J, Majander Kerttu, Wilbur Alicia K, Guichon Ricardo A, Wolfe Steadman Dawnie L, Cook Della Collins, Niemann Stefan, Behr Marcel A, Zumarraga Martin, Bastida Ricardo, Huson Daniel, Nieselt Kay, Young Douglas, Parkhill Julian, Buikstra Jane E, Gagneux Sebastien, Stone Anne C, Krause Johannes
Аннотация
Modern strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the Americas are closely related to those from Europe, supporting the assumption that human tuberculosis was introduced post-contact. This notion, however, is incompatible with archaeological evidence of pre-contact tuberculosis in the New World. Comparative genomics of modern isolates suggests that M. tuberculosis attained its worldwide distribution following human dispersals out of Africa during the Pleistocene epoch, although this has yet to be confirmed with ancient calibration points. Here we present three 1,000-year-old mycobacterial genomes from Peruvian human skeletons, revealing that a member of the M. tuberculosis complex caused human disease before contact. The ancient strains are distinct from known human-adapted forms and are most closely related to those adapted to seals and sea lions. Two independent dating approaches suggest a most recent common ancestor for the M. tuberculosis complex less than 6,000 years ago, which supports a Holocene dispersal of the disease. Our results implicate sea mammals as having played a role in transmitting the disease to humans across the ocean.