Different approach to bone mineral density in non-traumatic spinal cord injury: a comparison with traumatic spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE

The incidence of non-traumatic spinal cord injury (NTSCI) is rising with an ageing population. This study identified diagnostic bone sites and risk factors for low bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with NTSCI and those with TSCI according to age category.

DESIGN

Retrospective cross-sectional study.

SUBJECTS/PATIENTS: 1,159 with TSCI and 475 with NTSCI at the National Rehabilitation Center in Korea.

METHODS

Diagnostic bone sites and BMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were compared between groups and BMD risk factors were assessed.

RESULTS

The lumbar spine BMD and T-score values of osteoporosis were lower in the NTSCI group than in the TSCI group over 50 years old (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the DXA results between the NTSCI and TSCI under 50 years of age. As an osteoporotic diagnostic site in the NTSCI group (≥ 50 years) (43%), the lumbar spine had higher proportions than in the TSCI group (29%). Female sex and low body mass index were risk factors for osteoporosis in both groups (≥ 50 years).

CONCLUSION

BMD evaluation in patients aged 50 years and older with NTSCI should include the lumbar spine area. Individuals with risk factors for SCI must undergo BMD assessment and close monitoring.