Brucella melitensis biovar 1 isolation in a captive wildlife population in the United Arab Emirates. First isolation in the scimitar-horned Oryx (Oryx dammah).

In 2013, Brucella melitensis biovar 1 was recovered from the stomach contents of a scimitar-horned Oryx - SHO (Oryx dammah) aborted foetus, and from the articular fluid of a sand gazelle (Gazella marica) in a captive wildlife collection near Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Other evidence of exposure to the pathogen was collected through serological testing (Rose Bengal test) and B. melitensis-specific PCR of samples from captive wildlife kept in six different enclosures. A Multiple Locus Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) Analysis (MLVA) using 15 markers showed that the two strains isolated in animals kept in enclosures, located 1300 m apart from each other, shared an identical genotype. The phylogenetic analysis of MLVA-15 profiles retrieved from the public database suggested that these strains belong to the African clade, clustering regionally in the UAE, Oman and Qatar. This is the first confirmed case of B. melitensis in a SHO, an African antelope extinct in the wild and warrants further investigation.