[On "2015 Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis". Osteoporosis associated with sex hormone depletion treatment].

Breast cancer and prostate cancer are sex hormone-dependent cancers and suppression of estrogen or androgen function is the standard therapy for those cancers. One of its important adverse effects is bone loss or osteoporosis. Recent evidences are : 1) Endocrine therapy for breast cancer or prostate cancer is associated with significant bone loss. 2) Treatment with aromatase inhibitors (AI) for breast cancer is associated with significant increase of pathologic fractures. Androgen depletion treatment (ADT) for prostate cancer is also probably associated with increased risk of fracture. 3) Bisphosphonates and denosumab treatment increases bone mineral density of patients treated with endocrine therapy for breast cancer. Bisphosphonates, denosumab and SERMs (raloxifene and toremifene) increase bone mineral density of patients treated with ADT for prostate cancer. 4) Bisphosphonates and denosumab decrease fracture risk of AI-treated breast cancer patients. Toremifene and denosumab decrease fracture risk of ADT-treated prostate cancer patients.